In the "1KFG: Deep Sequencing of Ecologically-relevant Dikarya"
project (CSP1974), we are conducting genomic sequencing of key
lineages of plant-interacting fungi and saprophytic fungi that are
of significant ecological importance for comprehending terrestrial
ecosystems. Furthermore, comparative genomic analysis of
saprotrophic, mycorrhizal, and pathogenic fungi provides novel
insights into specific and conserved adaptations associated with
each fungal lifestyle.
Tulasnella is a genus of fungi in the family
Tulasnellaceae. Tulasnella spp. are considered as the most
important mycobionts of Orchidaceae (Cruz et al., 2017). The genus
Tulasnella is considered as a nearly universal orchid
symbiont. It has been isolated from orchids in Asia, Australia,
Europe, South America (Freitas et al., 2020), and North America.
Despite the importance of Tulasnella as mycorrhizal
partners, many species remain undescribed.
Many orchids have an obligatory relationship with
Tulasnella mycorrhizal fungi for seed germination and
support into adulthood. Mycorrhizal fungi are a fundamental
component of nearly all terrestrial ecosystems, creating the
critical link between above- and below-ground systems by
establishing an intimate association with the roots of >90% of
land plants. This relationship provides plant partners with
improved nutrient acquisition from the soil, stress tolerance, and
pathogen protection. Most mycorrhizal associations also allow the
fungal partners to obtain the photosynthetically fixed carbon
sources they need to survive and reproduce.
Species within the genus Tulasnella may be further
differentiated based on their morphological features, such as the
shape and size of their spores, the structure of their mycelium,
and other microscopic characteristics. Molecular techniques,
including DNA sequencing, are increasingly being used to refine and
confirm the classification of fungal taxa.
Understanding the specific mycorrhizal relationships between fungi
like Tulasnella and orchids is crucial for the successful
cultivation and conservation of orchid species, as these
relationships play a significant role in the orchids' life cycle
and growth.
Researchers who wish to publish analyses using data from
unpublished CSP genomes are required to contact the PI and JGI to
avoid potential conflicts in data use and coordinate other
publications with the CSP master paper(s).
