Composite of the same Aurantiochytrium limacinum cell seen through
Nomarski view (left) and fluorescence view (right) Photo credit:
Daisuke Honda, Konan University
These common marine microorganisms with the tongue-twisting name
behave like fungi in the ocean ecosystem but are actually protists.
Their abundance in the ocean varies with the changing seasons. They
feed on non-living organic matter such as decaying algae, plants
such as mangrove leaves and salt marsh grass or even animal
tissues. Species that belong to the Labyrinthulomycete category all
fall under a larger category of protists that also includes diatoms
and brown algae. Labyrinthulomycetes help break down organic matter
in the waters, and some species can also break down crude oil and
tarballs. Researchers believe they also "upgrade" the quality of
the debris that feed other marine organisms by adding nutrients.
Long chain fatty acids produced by Labyrinthulomycetes have already
been included in human food supplements. Sequencing the genomes of
several Labyrinthulomycete species is expected to give ocean
scientists and microbiologists more information about the
microorganisms' roles in the carbon cycle and other biogeochemical
cycles. The genomes to be sequenced in this project fall into three
different categories: thraustochytrids, which are very important to
decomposing terrestrial plant debris, aplanochytrids, which were
recently recognized as a major group in marine systems and
labyrinthulids, which are usually associated with living plants and
algae since they seem to have a higher tolerance for antimicrobial
compounds than other Labyrinthulomycete species.